Abstract

Background: Kinesiophobia, one of the most common causes of low secondary prevention compliance of cardiac rehabilitation, severely affects the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the estimated prevalence and risk factors of kinesiophobia have not been systematically assessed.

Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Database, Wangfang Database and Sinomed were entirely searched of the observational studies on the prevalence and risk factors of kinesiophobia in CAD patients from the establishment of the database to January 10, 2023. A random-effects modelwas used to analyze the prevalence of kinesiophobia among CAD patients.

Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of kinesiophobia among CAD patients varied from 20.0% to 89.6%. The pooled prevalence of kinesiophobia was 53% (95% CI: 37-68%). After controlling for the confounding variables, the following risk factors are related to the occurrence of kinesiophobia: anxiety (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.50-2.86), experienced acute cardiovascular events (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.49-2.76), experienced pain (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.18-5.80), selfefficacy (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.62-2.78), low-income (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.56), co-morbidities (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.09-7.02).

Conclusion: In conclusion, an overall pooled prevalence of kinesiophobia among CAD patientswas 53%. Anxiety, experienced acute cardiovascular events, experiencing pain, self-efficacy, low income, and co-morbiditieswere identified as risk factors for kinesiophobia in patients with CAD. Understanding the risk factors of CAD patients' kinesiophobia can provide a theoretical basis for medical staff to manage and treat patients.